I often get asked that can dogs get fever from cold weather. I won’t lie because it is a question that comes up a lot during winter, especially when a dog starts acting a little off. Maybe your pup is less energetic, shivering, or just not eating like they usually do. It is totally natural to worry.
As a veterinarian, I have seen the confusion that arises when dogs feel unwell during chilly weather. Is it just the cold, or something more? In this article, I will let you know whether dogs can actually get a fever from cold temperatures, and what you should really be watching for.
What Is a Fever in Dogs?
When your dog has a fever, it means their internal body temperature is elevated above the normal range.
- Normal Temperature Range: 101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit
- Temperature in Fever: Anything above the normal temperature range
When your dog’s body temperature rises, it is usually a sign that something is going on internally. But that “something” is rarely as simple as the outside temperature.
Anything above 103 degrees is considered a mild fever, and if it reaches 106 degrees or higher, it can be life-threatening. Fever is not a disease itself but a response to something, usually inflammation, infection, or another underlying issue.
How Does a Dog’s Body Control Temperature?
Your dog’s body has its own thermostat, controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain. When the immune system detects invaders like bacteria or viruses, it may trigger the hypothalamus to raise the body’s temperature to help fight off the infection.
This response is not influenced by external cold temperatures in the same way a human might feel chilled and spike a fever with flu. Your dog’s body has a natural way to maintain warmth, and fever is not the result of simply being outside in winter.
Can Dogs Get Fever from Cold Weather?
The short answer is no. Dogs do not develop fever just because of cold weather.
Now that we understand what a fever is and how it works, let’s talk about how cold weather affects your dog in other ways. While low temperatures do impact a dog’s health, it is not typically by causing a fever directly.
Fever is an internal, immune-driven process and is unrelated to the air temperature. That said, cold weather can suppress your dog’s immune system slightly and makes them more vulnerable to infections, which in turn can lead to fever.
So while cold itself is not the cause, the conditions it creates may increase the risk of illness.
What Does Cold Weather Actually Do to Dogs?
Cold exposure can lead to other serious conditions in dogs, such as hypothermia and frostbite. Unlike fever, which is about a rise in internal temperature, hypothermia involves a drop in body temperature.
Dogs left outside too long in freezing conditions can suffer from shivering, lethargy, slowed breathing, and eventually unconsciousness. Some breeds with thin coats or smaller body mass are at even higher risk.
While these conditions are serious, they are very different from fever and need different types of care.
Signs Your Dog May Have a Fever
Even if the cold is not directly responsible, winter months do coincide with respiratory infections and other illnesses that can cause fever. Knowing the symptoms of a fever in dogs helps you catch the problem early and get your pup the care they need.
How to Tell If Your Dog Has a Fever?
Your dog might not be able to tell you they are running hot, but there are subtle signs to look for. These symptoms can be easy to miss, especially when you are already dealing with cold weather behaviors like shivering or fatigue. Common signs of fever include:
- A warm or dry nose
- Red or glassy-looking eyes
- Reduced energy
- Loss of appetite
- Warm ears
Some dogs might pant more, even without activity, or shiver in a way that does not align with being cold.
How to Check Dog Temperature at Home?
The only accurate way to confirm a fever is by taking your dog’s rectal temperature. While it may not be pleasant for either of you, a digital rectal thermometer gives the clearest picture of what’s happening inside.
If your dog’s temperature is above 103 degrees Fahrenheit, that is a concern. Over 106, and you need to see a vet immediately.
Common Winter Illnesses That Can Cause Fever
Although cold weather does not cause fever directly, it does make certain illnesses more common, many of which do involve a fever as a symptom. Let’s look at some of the most frequent offenders during the colder months.
1. Canine Influenza
This respiratory virus becomes more prevalent during colder seasons, especially in areas where dogs interact closely like dog parks or boarding kennels. Canine flu causes coughing, nasal discharge, lethargy, and yes, fever.
If your dog develops these symptoms after being in contact with other dogs, it is time to visit your vet.
2. Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is another contagious respiratory disease that thrives in colder weather. While not every case involves a fever, some dogs will develop one, especially if a secondary infection sets in.
This illness is typically marked by a honking, dry cough, runny nose, sneezing, and loss of appetite.
3. Bacterial Infections
During winter, a suppressed immune system or minor wounds from icy walks can give bacteria the upper hand. Infections, whether in the skin, urinary tract, or respiratory system, can trigger a fever.
Swollen lymph nodes, pus, or foul odors from a wound site are strong indicators.
4. Tick-Borne Diseases
Though ticks are less active in winter, they don’t disappear entirely. If your dog had tick exposure before the cold weather set in, some of those diseases, like Lyme or Ehrlichiosis, may only now be showing signs, including fever, joint pain, and fatigue.
How to Protect Your Dog From a Cold Weather Fever?
Your dog does not need to get sick during winter. With a little preparation and close attention, you can help protect your dog’s immune system and reduce the chances of illness that leads to fever.
I always suggest to dog owners the following measures, as they are mighty effective in preventing dogs from getting fever in cold weather.
1. Dress for the Weather
Some dogs genuinely benefit from wearing sweaters or jackets during walks, especially smaller breeds, older dogs, or those with short fur. Keeping your dog warm is not about fashion. It is about preserving body heat and minimizing stress on the immune system.
2. Limit Exposure to Sick Dogs
Just like with people, winter brings dogs into closer contact in indoor settings. If there has been an outbreak of canine flu or kennel cough in your area, it is best to steer clear of dog parks or group activities until things calm down.
3. Keep Their Paws Clean and Dry
Salt and ice can irritate your dog’s paws, and lead to small cracks or wounds that can become infected. Always rinse and dry your dog’s paws after walks. If the skin looks raw or sore, use a dog-safe paw balm.
4. Maintain a Strong Immune System
Feed your dog a high-quality, nutrient-dense diet all year round. Consider supplements like omega-3s or probiotics after discussing with your vet. Regular checkups help ensure your dog’s immune defenses stay strong, regardless of the weather.
When You Should See a Vet?
Sometimes, despite your best efforts, your dog might fall ill. Knowing when a situation is beyond home care is key to keeping your dog safe and healthy. To assist you with that, I am mentioning some points here that will let you determine when you should see a vet if your dog is ill or have fever in the winter.
1. Recognizing Emergency Symptoms
If your dog has a temperature above 103 degrees and is also showing signs like vomiting, diarrhea, persistent coughing, or disorientation, do not wait. These symptoms indicate a more serious condition that needs professional attention.
2. Trusting Your Instincts as a Pet Owner
As a veterinarian, I always tell dog owners to trust their gut. If something feels off about your dog, even if the symptoms are mild, it is worth making that call. Early intervention can make a huge difference, especially during winter when complications can escalate quickly.
Let’s Rewind
While cold weather on its own does not cause fever in dogs, it does create an environment where infections and immune challenges are more likely. As a veterinarian, I encourage you to observe your dog closely during the winter months.
If your pup shows signs of illness like lethargy, poor appetite, or a high temperature, don’t brush it off as just the cold. Seek veterinary advice to rule out infections or other health concerns.
Keeping your dog warm, healthy, and well-fed during winter goes a long way in preventing problems. Your dog depends on you, and you are doing great by staying informed.
